Let's face it: you can have the most meticulously maintained vehicle
on the road, but it won't start without the right battery, properly
installed and appropriately fitted for your driving needs. From ignition
to door locks, your car battery is the catalyzing force that allows you
to get from point A to point B. The following is a brief overview of
the electrical system that makes transportation possible:
1. Battery
Composed of a series of lead plates submerged in a 35% sulfuric
acid/65% water solution, your 12-volt battery houses a chemical reaction
that releases electrons through conductors, producing electricity which
is then channeled into your vehicle's electrical system. When your
car's engine is off, the battery supplies electricity to all of the
electrical system components, including the essential power required to
start your vehicle. In periods of high demand, the battery also
supplements
power from the charging system.
2. Charging System
The charging system is life force of your vehicle's electrical
system, consisting of three main mechanisms: the alternator, various
circuits, and the voltage regulator. The alternator has two roles. It:
a) provides power to the electrical system, and b) recharges the battery
after the car has started. The various circuits act as conduits for
electrical power, and the voltage regulator controls the voltage passed
through these circuits. Remember, all of these components require
consistent
attention and maintenance. It's not just your battery that needs to
be replaced every so often; if one of these components should fail, that
pulsating power source is now reduced to a lifeless, twenty pound paper
weight.
3. Starting System:
It may seem obvious that the starting system turns your vehicle's
engine on, but did you know that this process consumes much more
electrical power than anything else your car does? That's because the
starting system consists of three components working one after another.
Here's how it works: there's the ignition switch, the starter relay (or
solenoid), and the starter motor. Turning the key causes a small amount
of current to pass through the starter relay, allowing a stronger
current to
flow through the battery cables and into the starter motor. The
starter motor cranks the engine, forcing the piston to create enough
suction that draws a fuel and air mixture into the cylinder. The
ignition system creates a spark that ignites the mixture, and combustion
is born.
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